Investigator(s)
| WHO Technical Officer |
Dina Kania WCO, Indonesia Dina Kania 
|
| Principal Investigator |
Woro Riyadina National Research and Innovation Agency Woro Riyadina
|
Title(s) and abstract
| Scientific title | Survey on Sodium Intake on Adult Population Aged 18-69 years through spot urine examination |
| Public title | Sodium Intake Survey |
| Background | Consumption of high-sodium foods is a modifiable risk factor for hypertension, hyperglycemia, hypercholesterolemia, and obesity which are also associated with various non-communicable diseases (NCDs) that cause premature death. To date, Indonesia currently does not have national data on sodium levels in urine. In Indonesia, research has been conducted to validate sodium levels in spot urine with 24-hour urine, but this was still on a local scale. To support policy development to reduce population salt intake, nationally representative data is needed. Accurate data on objective measurement of salt intake in Indonesia is needed to monitor and support national salt reduction program. |
| Objectives | a. To measure the mean daily intake of salt in adults aged 18-69 years. b. To measure the level of population knowledge, attitude, and practice on dietary salt consumption c. To measure the level of population knowledge and practice on nutritional labelling. |
| Study Methods | The survey is cross-sectional study of residents aged 18-69 years living on the islands of Sumatra, Java, and Bali covering 16 provinces with a representative sample of up to 80% of the Indonesian population. The survey will use multistage sampling methods. The sample selection of sub-districts and census blocks will use a probability proportional to size systematic (PPS systematic). The sample selection of households and household members will be carried out by systematic sampling. The survey sample will use GATS sampling frame. Data collection will employ the WHO STEPs methodology including interviews, physical measurements, and urine examinations. The first step will include an individual interview collecting sociodemographic characteristics, medical history and treatment, knowledge, attitudes, and behavior related to diet and salt consumption, and also knowledge of nutrition content labels on food/beverage products. The second step will include the measurement of height and weight (for BMI calculation) and blood pressure. The third step will include a laboratory examination of sodium and creatinine levels in non-fasting spot urine. Urine sodium levels will be measured with an ICP-OES device with correction for creatinine levels. Urine samples from each region will be sent to the central laboratory for measuring sodium and creatinine levels. |
| Expected outcomes and use of results | The study will provide an estimate of average sodium intake per capita, level of knowledge about nutritional labels, as well as knowledge, attitude, and practices related to the consumption of sodium-sourced foods in Indonesian adults. The results of this study will provide evidence to support the development of a national salt-reduction policy and the implementation of effective nutrition labeling policies. |
| Keywords | sodium, salt reduction, unhealthy diet, NCDs |
Research Details
| Student research | No |
| Start Date | 01-Feb-2024 |
| End Date | 30-Nov-2024 |
| Key Implementing Institution | National Research Agency and Innovation, Indonesia |
| Multi-country research | No |
| Nationwide research | Yes, with randomly selected geographical areas |
| Indonesia, Indonesia, Indonesia, Indonesia, Indonesia, Indonesia, Indonesia, Indonesia, Indonesia, Indonesia, Indonesia, Indonesia, Indonesia, Indonesia, Indonesia, Indonesia | |
| Research Domain(s) | Non-communicable diseases & Healthy Lifestyles |
| Research field(s) | Nutrition |
| Involves human subjects | Yes |
| Population-Based Survey | |
| Data Collection | Primary data |
| Proposal reviewed by other Committee | Final decision available |